网络闭合、知识基础与创新催化：动态结构洞的调节

 随着经济进入新常态，技术创新网络逐渐进化成为不同类型创新角色相互协作构成的创新生态系统。创新催化作为网络中创新产生的关键过程，目前研究将知识派系作为创新催化的支撑条件，然而鲜有考虑知识派系中网络闭合和知识基础双重属性的微观构成及其作用悖论，忽略了支撑条件与创新催化之间的协同演化关系，进一步破解技术创新网络的创新催化机制成为有待厘清的重要理论问题。       基于悖论整合视角，分析开放式和封闭式网络闭合、专业化和多样化知识基础、结构洞生成和填充的创新悖论，通过网络闭合和知识基础的交互匹配，探讨开放式专业化、开放式多样化、封闭式专业化和封闭式多样化4种网络配置组合对创新催化的差异性影响以及结构洞生成和填充的调节作用。结合战略联盟数据库SDC Platinum和专利数据库UPSTO，以嵌入在高科技行业合作网络中的中国企业为样本，利用社会网络和多元回归分析方法进行实证检验。       研究结果表明，网络闭合、知识基础与动态结构洞的多维匹配是实现创新催化的最小功能集；开放式网络情景下，组织嵌入在开放式专业化网络具有显著的创新催化作用，而开放式多样化网络存在信息过载的风险；封闭式网络情景下，组织嵌入在封闭式多样化网络具有显著的创新催化作用，而封闭式专业化网络存在过度嵌入的缺陷；结构洞生成和结构洞填充强化了开放式多样化和封闭式专业化网络的创新催化效能，抑制了开放式专业化和封闭式多样化网络对创新催化的促进作用；动态结构洞的调节效应存在时效差异，结构洞生成的促进作用能够在较长一段时间内持续，结构洞填充的调节效应随时间增加而逐渐减弱。       研究结论有助于揭示技术创新网络的创新催化过程，识别创新催化的最优网络配置以及效能发挥的情景依赖性，对提升网络组织的创新能力、构建中国情景下的创新生态系统具有重要实践指导意义。

Network Closure, Knowledge Base and the Catalyst of Innovation: The Moderating Effect of Dynamic Structural Holes

 With Chinese economic development has entered the New Normal, technological innovation network has evolved into an innovative ecosystem with different types of innovation roles. The catalyst of innovation is the key process that relies on the diverse knowledge clique. However existing studies ignored not only the micro composition of knowledge base and network closure, but also the innovation paradox between them. The research on dynamic co-evolution among knowledge base, network closure and the catalyst of innovation is still far from expected. To uncover the catalyst of innovation mechanism in technology innovation network is becoming an important unresolved theoretical problem.       From the perspective of paradox integration, this paper first analyzed not only innovation paradox of network closure between open networks and closed networks, but also knowledge base between specialized knowledge and diverse knowledge. Then this paper investigated the interaction effects between network closure and knowledge base. It also examined the moderating effect of dynamic structural holes. Then an empirical test was conducted by social network analysis and multiple regressions model with strong R&D cooperation intensity industry. Our study empirically analyzed the data from SDC Platinum and UPSTO with the high-tech firms in China.       The results show that: Network closure, knowledge base and dynamic structural holes are the key conditions for the catalyst of innovation. The open-specialized network has significant positive relationship with catalyst of innovation, meanwhile the open-diverse network may cause information overload. The closed-diverse network has significant positive relationship with catalyst of innovation, meanwhile the closed-specialized network may cause over-embedded. The generations of structural holes and closure of structural holes enhance the promotion effect on open-diverse network and closed-specialized network, yet have inhibitory effect on open-specialized network and closed-diverse network. The moderating effect of generations of structural holes can persist yet the moderating effect of closure of structural holes will evade over time.       The above results can reveal the mechanism of innovation catalyst and the best network configuration with different situation. This study provides practical guidance for network organizations to improve their innovation performances so as to construct innovative ecosystem given the context of China.