清末陈天华道德救国思想刍议

在中国资产阶级革命派中,陈天华欲求振作之方,行救国之实,比较“注重精神上的学问”。他揭露批判国民寡廉鲜耻、自私自利,官吏贪恋官位、畏死无为,留学生空谈救国、言行相悖,汉奸丧灭天良、助纣为虐等堕落人格。围绕道德救国,他系统阐述了在价值取向上以爱国为核心,在公私关系上强调公德私德、义务权利统一,在道德内涵上国民应具有独立自由平等、合群团结尚武之精神,在人格范型上崇尚近代国民人格等思想,并积极诉诸实践,最终以蹈海殉国方式使这一道德救国思想获得升华。

The Initial Analysis of Chen Tian-hua''''s Viewpoint of Saving the Country by Morale in the Later Qing Dynasty

In the Chinese bourgeois revolutionists,Chen Tian-hua,in trying his best to find a correct way and carrying out his way of saving the country,"paidspecial attention to the spiritual learning".He exposed and criticized the degenerate personalities of some Chinese people who were shameless,some officials who lusted for official power,feared death and led a vain and humdrum life,some overseas students who talked nonsense about saving the country and said one thing and did the opposite and the Han traitors who lost their consciences and assisted the invaders,etc.About issues of saving the country by morale he systematically stated that in preference to value,patriotism should be the centre,that about the public relationships,the public morale and private morale,the unity of the responsibilities and rights should be emphasized,that in the connotation of morale,the Chinese people should be with the spirit of independence,freedom,equality,unity and military encouragement,and that in the model of personality,the contemporary personality should be encouraged,etc.As he put forward the abovementioned ideas he also made an active preparation for putting them into practice.In the end his ideas about saving the country by morale was elevated by his committed suicide by throwing himself into the sea.