清季民间儒家学派对客观唯心认识论的坚持与发展——以太谷学派为例

清季社会转型期,民间传统儒家学派太谷学派领袖周太谷、张积中等人在坚持理学客观唯心认识论的基础上,结合道教哲学因素,进行发挥与创造,构建了独特的太谷学派客观唯心认识论.周太谷以理本体论的“(理)→无极→太极→气→万物”模式为基础,并掺入道教的“炁”概念,形成了自己的宇宙本原生成万物模式.张积中在继承其师观点的基础上,结合管子的精气论及张载的气本体论,建立了太谷学派对于世界本源及发展的认识观.客观唯心认识论在太谷学派学说中具有法典性地位,也为太谷学派其他哲学命题奠定了认识论基础.太谷学派的这些继承与创造源于社会转型期的客观影响,这是他们的哲学贡献,也是在当时转型期社会下传统文人回避现实社会,找寻自我安慰与价值实现的自我救赎.

Adherence to and Development of Objective Idealist Epistemology of the Folk Confucian School of the Qing Dynasty: With the Taigu School As an Example

During the social transitional period of the late Qing Dynasty,Zhou Taigu,Zhang Jizhong and other leaders of the Taigu School under the folk Confucian School,based upon their adherence to the objective idealist epistemology,constructed a unique objective idealist epistemology exclusively of their own by combining certain factors from Taoist philosophy with their doctrine.Zhou developed his own pattern of all being generated by the original elements of the cosmos on the basis of the pattern of "(Logos) [reason]-Wuji-Taiji-Gas(Qi [气])-All" of the ontology of Logos by incorporating the concept of "prana"(Qi [炁]) from Taoism.Zhang inherited his teacher’s legacy,and,based upon this,founded a cognitive concept of the source and development of the world of the Taigu School in combination with Guanzi’s doctrine on Jingqi and the ontology of Zhang Zai’s doctrine on the ontology of Gas.To the Taigu School,this sort of objective idealist epistemology,with its status as important as codices,has laid down a solid foundation for its other philosophical propositions.The inheritances and creations of the Taigu School are all resulted from the objective impacts of this social transitional period.And these are their contribution to philosophy,and at the same a self-redemption for the traditional scholars to evade social reality,look for self comfort and realize their own values in the then society in transition.