论英语中pied piping和preposition stranding的标记值判定

英语pied piping（介词随伴）和preposition stranding（介词后吊）这两个结构的标记值判定是学术界存有争议的一个问题。一般而言,语言结构的标记值判定可遵循频率和历时这两条标准。频率标准分为文本频率和跨语言频率两个标准,前者通常用以判定语言特有的标记值,而后者是用来判定跨语言的标记普遍性。两者判定的结果如果不同可以并存,但不能相互替代。另外,从历时的角度看,语言的标记值不是固定不变的,而是随语言的发展而发生转移。因此,评价个别语言的标记值时就不能套用跨语言的标记评价标准,而只能根据个别语言在特定时期所特有的语言事实予以指派。

On Determination of Markedness Values for English Pied Piping and Preposition Stranding

Determining markedness values for the English constructions of pied piping and preposition stranding is controversial among scholars of linguistics.Generally speaking,two major criteria can be followed for determining markedness values for particular linguistic structures;they are frequency and diachrony criteria.Frequency criteria are subdivided into criteria of text frequency and cross-linguistic frequency.The former is usually used to determine language-particular markedness values whereas the latter is used to determine cross-linguistic markedness universals.The results from either way of determination,if different,may co-exist,but they cannot replace each other.Additionally,markedness values in language are not fixed diachronically,but they vary as language evolves.Therefore,language-particular markedness values can be assigned only by language-particular facts in a stated period of time instead of by cross-linguistic criteria for markedness evaluation.