中国传统法律文化释义及其与西方的比较

法律文化是具有一定普遍性的社会意识形态、社会规范、制度和社会心理中有关法的那一部分形成的一个统一的体系。中国传统法律文化是指从上古传说时代至清末修律为止 ,广泛流传于中华大地的具有高度稳定性和持续性的法律文化 ,主要包括以下内容 :传统法律文化集体本位的总体精神 ,无讼息争的心理倾向 ,德主刑辅的理论学说 ,视法律为工具的价值判断。在客观上 ,传统法律文化又表现为法典编纂和皇帝诏敕及案例并为法之渊源 ,制定法与判例法互用 ,国家法与习惯法并存 ;在司法上 ,重刑轻民 ,程序法不发达。中国传统法律文化与西方传统法律文化的比较 ,显现出其独有的特色 :1 中国社会宗法家族制度是法产生的基础 ,而西方形成个人本位、法律与伦理相分离的渊源 ;2 中国传统法律文化伦理色彩浓郁 ,而西方法律文化则是在宗教精神的笼罩下发展起来的 ;3 中国传统法律文化以集体为本位 ,西方以“个人权利本位”为基本理念 ;4 中国古代法等级观念渗透始终 ,而西方法平等观一以贯之 ;5 中国法律文化是混合法 ,并代表了现今法律文化的趋同倾向。

An Interpretation of Traditional Juristic Culture in China & Contrast with Traditional Juristic Culture in West

Juristic culture is a unified system of sections in the social ideology,regulation,institution and mentality which relate to law. Traditional juristic culture in China refers to the juristic culture with stablity and enduration which prevailed from ancient China to Qing dynasty. It includes: general spirit of collectivism,psychology inclination of non-litigation and non-confliction,theory of rule by morality with penalty, instrumental view of law. Traditional juristic culture presents in practice as follows: law originating from digest of officer, order of the emperor and juristical case;positive law and case law,statute law and unwritten law co-exist;preference of criminal law to civil law, underdevelopement of procedure law. In contrast with traditional juristic law of West, the traditional juristic culture of China presents such unique characters as: collectivism and moral law which originate from patriarchal clan system in traditional China while individual foundation and seperation of morality from law in west;secular morality in Chinese juristic tradition while religious spirit in Western juristic tradition;idea of rank in Chinese juristic tradition while spirit of equality in Western juristic tradition;mixed law in Chinese juristic tradition ,which coincides with the tendency of contemporary world.