3D打印产业经济学分析

3D打印产业链中游是打印机研发与生产，上游包括打印材料等，下游包括国防科工等。产业链上游的难点主要是技术层面的，下游的难点主要是经济层面的。产业集群的构建将经历三个阶段：“研发机构（或团队、个人）＋企业，产业集群”、“技术溢出产业集群”、“分工型产业集群”。、产业规划是一个系统工程，政府应及早进行调查研究，加强产业联盟、行业协会建设。3D打印将对就业、制造业及其格局产生影响，该产业自身存在成本问题、资源整合等问题，产业发展过程中还会存在知识产权保护、人才短缺、环境污染等问题。

Economics analysis on three dimensional printing industry

The midstream firm in three dimensional printing industry focus on R＆D and production of 3D printer, while the up- stream industry consist of printing materials and so on and the downstream industry comprise national defense industry etc.. The aporia of the upstream industry is on the technology layer and the difficulty of downstream industry is on the economic lev- el. The construction of industry cluster will evolve through three main stages, R＆D institutions（ teams or individual） plus en- terprise industry cluster, technology spill - over industry cluster and division type industry cluster. Owing to Industrial plan- ning is a systems engineering, governments should investigation and study as early as possible, setting up industry alliance and industry associations. Three dimensional printing industry, which exist problems ＇of cost, inteUectual property, talent shortage and environmental pollution, will show strong effect on employment and the pattern of manufacturing industry.