渐变下的调适：上海水质环境变迁与饮水改良简析（1842—1980）

文章考辨了上海居民传统饮用水源,认为以河水为主,辅以井水、雨水。由于上海地区水网结构受潮汐等因素的影响,易淤塞,居民通过乘潮而汲与明矾澄清来获得清洁的水源。开埠后,人口激增,城市化与工业快速发展。自晚清到建国初,上海地表水水质经历了重要支浜支河不堪饮用,到苏州河的黑臭,再到黄浦江黑臭,地表水完全不合直接饮用的过程,上海成为一个水质型缺水城市。面对源水水质的恶化,社会的应对是缓慢。改水与水质恶化都是一个动态的过程,饮水改良并不是一个直线的＂河水——井水——自来水＂的变化过程,民国时期的改水活动已相当成熟,建国后初期的改水活动反而因大搞＂运动＂而流于形式,改水并没有达到设想的目的。

The Conquest of Water:A Brief Analysis on the Water Quality and the Reform of Drinking Water in Shanghai( 1842-1980)

The Shanghai people used to drink water from the river,as well as from wells and rainfall.Knowing that the rivers in Shanghai are highly vulnerable to the alluvial deposit brought-in by tides,people accordingly developed the technique of bailing clean water as the tide is coming,and then purifying it with additive alum.However,along with the rapid urbanization process taken place in Shanghai after 1842,the water quality in rivers and elsewhere was deteriorated,first in creeks,then Suzhou River,and eventuall...