江苏非物质文化遗产的明清小说文本寻绎及启迪

江苏非物质文化遗产的物质形态与文化形态在明清小说中多有描述,主要集中在世情小说,其他种类诸如历史演义、英雄传奇、神魔小说中则极为少见;长篇世情小说较多,短篇小说除了专门描写的之外较少;＂三言＂中较多,＂二拍＂中则较少;在叙述人情往来、享乐时较多,其他叙事场景较少。在作品中,有的是直接指称,有的则用了别称,有的虽未明确指称,但根据作品的描述能够确认,还有的并未直接指认,但根据作品的记载已经能够了解到其所产生的巨大影响,有的则能够帮助读者确定作者所反映的时代。明清小说没有真正意义上反映下层民众生活的作品,因而有关传统手工工艺的描述难觅踪影,能够表现此类内容作为某种特定心理的物化形式见于人情往来或各种类型的集会场合。江苏37项非物质文化遗产的成熟期大多在明清时代,从明清小说中寻求启示,对于加强对它们的保护、挽救、保存、调研,从而进一步弘扬民族优秀文化,有着现实意义。

The Trace of Jiangsu Intangible Cultural Heritages in Ming-Qing Novels

Both the material and cultural forms of Jiangsu intangible cultural heritages（ICHs）were described in Ming and Qing novels,especially in those full-length social novels.Corresponding with the regions and names of national intangible cultural heritages,the novels mostly described these ICHs associated with the regions such as embroidery-Suzhou,Cloud-pattern Brocade-Nanjing,etc.Except as a kind of provenance related to those local products,the ICHs were also described in other places in Ming and Qing novels,especially in northern China,the residents usually felt honorable if they could own those southern ICHs,which suggests ICHs spread extensively at that time.However,those novels merely described the lives of upper classes,so that we can hardly find the records on how to make those ICHs at that time.The thirty-seven ICHs in Jiangsu mostly developed and matured in Ming and Qing Dynasties,so it is of great realistic significance for us to look for traces from Ming and Qing novels so as to protect,preserve and investigate these ICHs.