Transmitting intended and suggested routes in ship operations: cognitive off-loading by placing knowledge in the world

Transmission of intended and suggested routes to and from electronic chart systems has been identified as a user need. The idea was discussed during a focus group meeting and two field studies in fringe fields like search and rescue (SAR) and ice breaking. A prototype test was then conducted during a SAR drill. The features were very well received by all the participants in the drill. A system simulation with two ships and a VTS station was also conducted in a full mission bridge simulator. Preliminary results are very promising. Behavior with vessels in conflicting situations suggested that the intended routes could facilitate understanding when negotiating with or without VHF communication. No major concerns were expressed by the professional crew members that participated.