清代河南书院的分布级差与成因分析

清代河南先后设置书院292所,遍布省内各个州县,呈现出明显的普及化和一定的级差化。与明代相比,开封府仍然是书院分布最为集中的地区,其它府州的书院发展则出现了不同程度的变化。通过对书院数目、分布密度等要素的级差研究,各府州书院发展水平的差异可基本划定,彰德府、大名府和光州是清代河南书院较为落后的地区,黄河两岸诸府———开封府、河南府、怀庆府、卫辉府是较为发达的地区,其余诸府是发展一般的地区。形成这种状况的原因与发达地区特有的政治、经济和学术因素有关。

Analysis of Differential Distribution and Contributing Factors of Henan Shuyuan in Qing Dynasty

There are 292 Shuyuan established in Henan in Qing dynasty early or late. They scattered all over the province and presented obvious differentiation and popularization. Comparing with Ming dynasty. Kaifeng is still a concentrated area. By synthesizing many indexes, the developing level of every state may be designated: Kaifeng, Henan, Huaiqing and Weihui states were developed areas in Qing dynasty. There are about three factors playing vital role in the Shuyuan's developing of these states.