Neighborhood co-offending networks,structural embeddedness,and violent crime in Chicago |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Sociology, Yale University, PO Box 208265, New Haven, CT, 06520-8265, United States;2. Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0375, United States;1. Chair of Social Networks, ETH Zürich, Switzerland;2. Social Network Analysis Research Center, University of Italian Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland;3. Catholic University of Rome, Italy;4. University of Greenwich, UK;1. University of Illinois at Chicago, Loyola University Medical Center, Uptake Technologies, Inc., United States;2. School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore;1. Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy;2. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore and Transcrime, Milan, Italy;3. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy;1. California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, LongBeach, CA, 90840, USA;2. Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada;3. University of Gent, St. Pietersnieuwstraat 33, 9000 Gent, Belgium;4. University of Amsterdam, PO Box 1030, 1012 CP, the Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | Neighborhood disparities in crime are a persistent feature of U.S. cities. Scholars have documented that both local structural conditions and characteristics of spatially proximate communities influence neighborhood crime rates. Previous studies on neighborhood inequality in crime, however, are limited by their focus on identifying average spillover effects between pairs of spatially contiguous neighborhoods, and have neglected to consider how the broader social organization of the city influences local outcomes. This study examines the role of neighborhood-level criminal networks in shaping the distribution of crime throughout cities. Employing arrest records and survey data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, we construct a neighborhood-level co-offending network for Chicago for 2001. We use this network to investigate how a focal neighborhood’s homicide rate is influenced by its structural embeddedness within the larger inter-neighborhood co-offending network. Results indicate that a neighborhood’s embeddedness increases the local homicide rate, even after controlling for the neighborhood’s internal propensity toward crime and accounting for unobserved spatial processes. |
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| Keywords: | Neighborhoods Spatial Community structure Social influence model Crime Network structure |
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