Neighborhood isolation in Chicago: Violent crime effects on structural isolation and homophily in inter-neighborhood commuting networks |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University, United States;2. Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, United States;1. California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, LongBeach, CA, 90840, USA;2. Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada;3. University of Gent, St. Pietersnieuwstraat 33, 9000 Gent, Belgium;4. University of Amsterdam, PO Box 1030, 1012 CP, the Netherlands;1. University of Illinois at Chicago, Loyola University Medical Center, Uptake Technologies, Inc., United States;2. School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore;1. Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, United States;2. Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, United States;3. Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago, United States;1. University College Dublin, School of Sociology, Ireland;2. Universite de Montreal, CICC, Canada;1. National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Department of Law, New House, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland;2. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore and Transcrime, Largo Agostino Gemelli 1, 20123 Milano, Italy;3. Cardiff University, School of Social Sciences, Glamorgan Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3WT, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | Urban sociologists and criminologists have long been interested in the link between neighborhood isolation and crime. Yet studies have focused predominantly on the internal dimension of social isolation (i.e., increased social disorganization and insufficient jobs and opportunities). This study highlights the need to assess the external dimension of neighborhood isolation, the disconnectedness from other neighborhoods in the city. Analyses of Chicago's neighborhood commuting network over twelve years (2002–2013) showed that violence predicted network isolation. Moreover, pairwise similarity in neighborhood violence predicted commuting ties, supporting homophily expectations. Violence homophily affected tie formation most, while neighborhood violence was important in dissolving ties. |
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| Keywords: | Neighborhood networks Commuting Violence Social isolation Homophily TERGM |
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