本体与超越:生活儒学的本体论问题

在后现代主义语境下,“解构本体论”成为强大的“哲学”思潮;然而,本体论恰恰是“哲学”的核心。本体论的必要性在于:人类关于一切存在者之存在的所有观念必定是一个有序的层级性的整体,它必定有一个塔尖,此即所谓“本体”;否则,人类的观念就不成其为一个有序的系统。因此,生活儒学的态度是:必须解构旧的本体论,然而同时必须建构新的本体论。为此,必须追溯到“前本体”即“前存在者”的存在或生活,即生活论或生活存在论为本体论奠基,本体论再为形下学(知识论、伦理学)奠基。因此,生活儒学建构了普遍性的“变易本体论”,进而建构了指向现代性的“超越本体论”。

Noumenon and Transcendence:The Matters of Ontology in Life Confucianism

In the context of post-modernism,“deconstructing ontology” has become a powerful ideological trend of “philosophy”,but ontology is precisely the core of “philosophy”.The necessity of ontology lies in that all human ideas about the being of all beings must be an orderly hierarchical whole,and it must have a spire,which is the so-called “noumenon” of ontology;otherwise human ideas will not be an orderly system.Therefore,the attitude of Life Confucianism is that we must deconstruct the old ontology,but at the same time,we must construct a new ontology.For this reason,it must be traced back to Being or Life of the “pre-noumenon” and the “pre-being”,that is:the theory of Life or Life as Being lays the foundation for ontology,and ontology lays the foundation for sub-metaphysics(epistemology and ethics).So Life Confucianism constructs a universal “Variable Ontology”,and then constructs a “Transcendent Ontology” that especially points to modernity.