欧盟无酬劳动者社会保障对性别收入平等的影响及对中国的启示

无酬劳动是居民为自身及其他家庭成员的最终消费而提供的没有货币报酬的劳动,具有较强的正外部性和溢出效应,但由此会导致劳动性别歧视以及收入差距加大等问题,政府需要通过社会保障对无酬劳动的主要承担者(女性)实现权益的保障和促进男女性别的收入平等。欧盟在无酬劳动者社会保障方面居于世界前列,具有丰富的经验值得借鉴。通过梳理相关文献,分析了欧盟无酬劳动者社会保障对收入平等的作用机理,研究了欧盟无酬劳动者社会保障的运行主体,总结了其实施的经验。最后,提出了加大社区护养扶持力度,增加育儿津贴及日托服务,完善陪产假、育儿假制度等福利政策改革建议,拓宽中国社会保障改革维度,促进不同性别之间的收入平等。

The Impact of Social Security for Unpaid Workers in the European Union on Gender Income Equality and Its Enlightenment to China

Unpaid labor refers to the labor without monetary remuneration provided by residents for the final consumption of themselves and other family members.It has strong positive externalities and spillover effects,but it will lead to gender discrimination in labor and widening income gap.The government needs to guarantee the rights and interests of the main bearers of unpaid labor(women)and promote gender income equality through social security.The European Union leads the world in social security for unpaid workers and has rich experience worth learning from.On the basis of combing relevant literature,this paper analyzis the mechanism of social security for unpaid workers in the European Union on income equality,studies the operating mechanism of social security for unpaid workers in the European Union,and summarizes the experience of its implementation.Finally,the paper puts forward some suggestions on welfare policy reform,such as strengthening community nursing support,increasing child-care allowance and day-care services,improving the system of paternity leave and child-care leave,which broadens the dimension of Chinas social security reform and is conducive to promoting income equality between different genders.