《老子》首章演绎:道言、有无、道物之辨

在戊戌变法之前的十多年间,康有为致力于探究中国本土文化的“学术源流”,聚焦先秦诸子。康有为提及的汉唐人物并不多,却对这一时期的董仲舒倍加关注。事实上,康有为不仅多次讲到董仲舒,而且作《春秋董氏学》对董仲舒的思想予以阐发。康有为对董仲舒的思想阐发表面看是对董仲舒的推崇,实则是借助《春秋》发挥孔子思想的微言大义。正是由于这个原因,透视康有为对董仲舒思想的阐发,既有助于整体把握康有为对董仲舒的审视和评价,又有助于体悟康有为的孔学观和董仲舒在近代哲学中的历史命运。

Deduction of the First Chapter of Lao Tzu: Discrimination Between Tao and the Expression,Being or Not,and Tao and the Matter

The first chapter of Lao Tzu plays a very important role in Lao Tzus philosophy and the history of Lao Tzus studies.The first chapter clearly addresses three basic issues of Lao Tzus Taoism: first,the differentiation between Tao and expression,which interprets the metaphysical meaning of “Tao”;second,the discrimination of Being or Not,revealing the transcendence,existence and unity of Tao;third,the distinction between Tao and the matter,by using “The Doorway Whence Issued all Secret Essences” as a metaphor to explain the origin of endless life of Tao,the Tao giving birth to all things,and all things respecting Tao.These three aspects fundamentally solve the ultimate concern of life: “where does the world of life come from,and where does it go”,which is the logical premise for ancient and modern philosophy to settle the meaning of life,and also the most fundamental problem that philosophy deals with.With the help of the intuition of metaphor to penetrate the “interval of Tao and expression”,Lao Tzu uses “the doorway of the mysterious female” to metaphorize the Tao body,and develops the life experience of ancient reproduction worship into a profound philosophical thought.