民国时期新疆和阗地区粮食减产与农业垦荒研究

民国时期和阗地方政府为解决粮食问题,曾于1938年后在全地区广泛发动民众开展垦荒活动,积极扩大粮食生产规模,但大规模垦荒使和阗地区的耕地面积过度增加,迅速打破了农业生产诸要素之间的平衡关系,使生产资源配置失衡,引起农业生态环境严重劣化,造成农作物生长条件恶化,最终导致粮食产量不但没有增加,反而下降,粮食供需矛盾更加突出,这种现象集中表现了过度垦荒对农业生产的负面影响。

Study on Hetian Region''''s Agricultural Reclamation Activities in Xinjiang during the Republic of China

After 1938, to resolve the food problem the local government of Hetian during the Republic of China widely mobilized crowd to push agricultural reclamation movement in whole region, actively enlarged food production scale to increase the local public finance income and relieve conflict between the demand and supply of food. But large-scale agricultural reclamation made the tilth area of Hetian region excessive increase, and broke quickly the balance among main factors of agricultural production and the balance of production resource allocations. At the same time excessive reclamation resulted in worse agricultural environment, and the conditions of crop growth deteriorated. Finally actual food yields didn't increase but decreased widely on the contrary, and the conflict between the demand and supply of food became sharper.