COVID-19疫情下一种新的地铁平峰运营策略

地铁在城市交通中发挥着重要作用。然而，在新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情下，地铁的运营出现了包括消毒、限流及出行独立等多重约束。错峰出行成为了众多城市地铁运营过程中的必然选择。如何既满足居民的基本出行需求，为顺利实现复工复学提供交通支持，又能有效降低乘客感染病毒的风险与追踪密切接触者的成本成为了城市地铁运营的新目标。本文通过对北京地铁运营现状及居民的出行规律分析发现，在新型冠状病毒疫情下，地铁运营过程中存在出行需求与地铁运力不匹配，复工复产与疫情防控，乘客交叉出行数量过多等难题，并针对以上难题提出了分时段复工出行与周末可复工在内的复杂指派模型。这一指派模型不仅实现了城市关键地铁站点平峰人流量、降低疫情传播风险及追踪难度的目标，同时通过模型目标函数与约束条件的灵活修改可实现更为复杂的乘坐地铁复工复产目标。本文所提出的模型在复杂周期性平峰问题中具有较强的推广应用价值。

A New Balance Strategy of Urban Subway Operation Under the COVID-19 Epidemic

Subway plays an important role in urban transportation. However, owing to the outbreak of COVID-19, the operation of the subway has emerged multiple constraints, including disinfect, restrictions on passenger flow and travel independently. Staggered shifts have become an inevitable choice in subway operation in many cities. How to meet the basic travel needs of residents, provide transportation support for the smooth resumption of work and school, as well as reduce the risk of infection of passengers and the cost of tracking close contacts effectively has become the new goal of urban subway operation. Based on the analysis of the current subway operation status in Beijing and the travel patterns of residents, it is found that under the COVID-19 epidemic, there are three difficulties during the process of the subway operation: the contradiction between travel demand and subway carrying capacity, the resumption and epidemic prevention, the problem of too many passengers’ cross trips. In response to the question, a complex assignment model is built for resumption of work in multiple time periods and weekends. This assignment model not only achieves the goal of balancing the passenger flow during the rush hour, reducing the risk of epidemic transmission and the difficulty of tracing close contacts, but also can accomplish the complex assignment target of enterprises using subway to resume work and production by modifying the model objective function and constraints. The model proposed in this paper has strong application value in the complex periodic balance problem.