考虑自取服务和门到门服务的电动汽车物流网络优化策略研究

在环境意识增长与政府政策支持的有利条件下，电动汽车在物流领域得以快速发展。为提高物流服务的效率，降低企业运营成本，文中研究了考虑顾客服务策略的电动物流汽车服务设施选址与配送路径问题。采取顾客自行取货与配送人员送货上门相结合的多样化服务策略，使得服务站点的建设成本、顾客点配送路径成本以及服务站点补货路径成本之和最小。建立了整数规划数学模型，允许配送车辆在服务过程中前往服务站点接受充电服务。其次，提出了基于改进节约算法和禁忌算法的混合启发式算法MCWSA-TS。随后，在小规模算例将CPLEX运算结果与MCWSA-TS进行对比，证明了算法的有效性。最后，采用多组算例探讨了顾客取货半径对运营成本的影响，并对分离配送策略与联合配送策略进行对比分析。实验结果表明，多样化服务策略有助于企业满足顾客取货时间和取货方式的个性化需求。同时，兼顾运营成本与顾客满意度，促进电动汽车参与的物流服务快速发展。

Optimal Planning of the Electric Vehicle Routing and Battery Charging Problem with Self-pickup and Door-to-door Delivery Service

With the development of environment awareness and substantial government support, the electric vehicles get rapid development in the field of logistics. Due to the scattered customers, the complex traffic situation in the city and many uncertainties in the service process, the cost of “last mile” delivery service remain high. An electric vehicle routing and station location problem is present under the diversified service strategies. Setting up service stations in the area with dense customers, and the customers in the service scope of the opened station should go to the station to pick up their goods by themselves. The rest wait for door-to-door delivery service. In addition, based on some practical considerations, it is required that the vehicles that are replenished for the service stations cannot provide distribution services for customer nodes at the same time. With diversified service strategies combining customer self-picking (within service radius) and home delivery service (outside service radius), and the mathematical model of integer programming is established, which can help to improve the service efficiency and decrease operational cost. The above strategies can not only help logistics enterprises improve the utilization rate of delivery time and reduce operating costs, but also meet the personalized requirements of customers on the delivery time and improve the level of customer satisfaction. The problem is formulated as an integer programming model. Electric logistics vehicles can be recharged at service stations, where customers can pick-up their parcels. The objective function minimizes the total cost including the construction cost of service stations, and the total of travel costs for the customer and the service station routes.