Learned helplessness,discouraged workers,and multiple unemployment equilibria |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Western Australia, Australia;2. Baylor University, United States;1. Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York, Heslington Campus,YO10 5DD, Heslington, York, UK;2. Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kraftriket 2b 10691, Stockholm, Sweden;3. Institut National de l''Environnement et de Récherche Agricole (INERA), 04 BP 8645, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;4. Department of Geography, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;5. Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), P.O. Box 52, Tamale, Ghana;6. Civil Engineering Department, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana;7. School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Witwatersrand, P. Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa;8. Waternet, PO Box MP600, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe;1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, USA;2. VA Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, Canandaigua VA Medical Center, USA;3. Mental Health Services, Canandaigua VA Medical Center, USA |
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| Abstract: | Unemployment varies strongly between countries with comparable economic structure. Some economists have tried to link this to institutional differences in the labour market. Instead, this paper focuses on a model with multiple equilibria so that the same socioeconomic structure can give rise to different levels of unemployment. Unemployed workers’ search efficiency is modelled within an equilibrium search model and lay behind these results. Learned helplessness causes a pro-cyclical behavior of the aggregate search efficiency, also known as the discouraged worker effect. The model also offers an explanation of why unemployment seems to move more easily up than down. |
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