清末民初晋水流域乡村社会的变迁:以“营村”为例

清末民初晋水流域乡村社会与华北其他地区共同经历着传统社会近代化的历程。其中"营村"地处汾河太原盆地晋水流域北段,南接太原县城,对于晋水的管理与利用尤具典型意义。清末由于本区社会动荡不安,商品经济持续发展,外国商品与新型经济作物出现,天主教势力也趁机扩张,地方政权控制力减弱,"营村"的社会矛盾空前加剧,一度达到了不可调和的程度。"营村"的主要矛盾表现为耕地频繁流转,但广大无地少地村民难以维持生存转而寻求其他生计手段;传统宗教民俗活动趋向繁荣的同时天主教势力膨胀并成为村庄新的地方势力。民国初年随着地方政权的下沉,传统社会中地方政权与乡村社会的良性互动转变成自上而下的控制,社区发展的动力受到抑制。通过分析营村的具体情况在一定层面上反映出近代华北农村社会变迁的一些基本面向。

Rural social change in Jin River Basin among late Qing and early republic A case study of Ying village

In the Late Qing and Early Republic of China,the rural community in Jin River Basin has been involved in the modernization as commonly as the other districts in the north of China.There was a village called "Ying" among the rural communities in the Jin River Basin,which is located in the Taiyuan basin,that is,as well as in the north of the Jin River Basin.On account of the location of Ying village,we find it meaningful to study the administration and exploration of the water source in Jin River Basin.In the Late Qing Dynasty,as the turbulence of the society and the continuous development of the market-oriented economy,as well as the emergence of the exotic commodity and new transformed cash crops,moreover as the religious expansion of the Catholicism,and the weakening of the control implemented by the local political power,The social contradiction of Ying village was so aggravated unprecedentedly that this dramatic deterioration was beyond the reconcilement The main contradictions in Ying village are as follows :Cultivated land was frequently on the turn and without fixed user,but large array of the villagers without land or with small areas couldn’t support their families so they had to seek the other approaches to making a living.When the traditional religious activities were prone to be more flourishing,the power of the Catholicism expansion dominated Ying village and become another local authority.In the Early Republic,with the undermining of the local authority in Ying village,the optimum interaction between the local authority in the traditional society and rural community transformed into the top-down bureaucratic regime.The motivation propelled the development of society was hindered seriously.This thesis aims at analyzing the concrete conditions of Ying village and also attempts to clarify and reveal the basic direction in which the rural communities in north of China transformed mainly in modern times.