农村最低生活保障减贫效应的区域差异及影响机理——基于2007-2016年的省级面板数据

基于2007—2016年31省（市、自治区）的面板数据,运用基尼系数、面板数据模型、低保减贫指数测度等方法,借助GIS技术,探究农村最低生活保障减贫效应的区域差异及影响机理。研究表明：农村最低生活保障经费支出的基尼指数总体下降,最低生活保障经费支出的公平性不断提高;农村最低生活保障的减贫效应空间格局呈现动态变化的特征,次高等级区和高等级区向西部扩散,低等级区向中部地区收缩,呈现“中部塌陷”特征;城镇化率、人均GDP、社保和就业占财政支出比重、财政收入等影响农村最低生活保障的减贫效应,但同一因素对不同区域的影响存在较大差异。为此,应坚持统筹区域经济发展的理念,大力发展农村经济,合理推进城镇化进程,促进农村最低生活保障减贫效应的区域均衡性。

The Regional Difference and Influence Mechanism of Poverty Alleviation Effect of Rural Minimum Living Security:Based on the Provincial Panel Data from 2007 to 2016

Based on the panel data of 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) from 2007 to 2016,this paper,with the help of GIS technology,Gini coefficient,panel data model,and index measurement of minimum living security,explores the regional differences and influence mechanism of poverty alleviation effect of rural minimum living security.The results show that:(1) the Gini index of the rural minimum living security expenditure decreases and the equity of it increases continuously;(2) the spatial pattern of poverty alleviation effect of the rural minimum living security presents dynamic characteristics,the second and higher grades spreading to western regions,and the lower grades contracting to the central regions,showing a feature of collapsed central regions;(3) the effect of poverty alleviation of rural minimum living security is affected by the urbanization rate,per capita GDP,proportion of social security and employment in financial expenditure,fiscal revenue,and so on,but the effect of the same factor on different regions is quite different.Understanding this,we should adhere to the concept of overall regional economic development,vigorously develop rural economy,reasonably promote the process of urbanization,and promote the regional balance of the poverty alleviation effect of rural minimum living security.