多要素流动、内生产业空间波动与经济地理新均衡——基于新经济地理学自由企业家模型的比较研究

促进新经济地理学理论的发展，不仅要根据理论要求的逻辑完美性修改假设，更为重要的是，要根据空间经济发展的现实修改模型的假设条件。由此，在研究上突破了新经济地理学模型单一生产要素流动假设的局限性，认为企业家与普通劳动者在地区间都可以流动，并且，普通劳动者在行业间也可以自由流动。与新经济地理学可解的经典模型——自由企业家模型相比，新的可解中心-外围模型丰富了新经济地理学的研究结论，发展了新的理论观点：突破点与持续点的大小比较存在三种关系。随着贸易自由度的变化，产业空间结构的演化除了棒棒均衡的结果外，不仅可能出现内部非对称结构为稳定均衡的情形，也可能出现内部非对称结构与中心-外围结构稳定均衡共存的情形，而不仅仅是对称结构与中心-外围结构稳定均衡共存的情形；随着贸易自由度的提高，工业品支出份额的增加，工业品间替代弹性的降低，会引起产业空间的稳定结构由对称结构向非对称结构转化；一旦产业空间结构演化的“黑洞条件”得到满足，则产业空间的稳定结构只能是内部非对称结构或中心-外围结构，而不仅仅是中心-外围的稳态结构。

Multi-Factors Mobility,Endogenous Spatial Fluctuations and New Equilibrium of Economic Geography:A Comparative Study to the Footloose-Entrepreneur Model in New Economic Geography

To promote the development of the New Economic Geography (NEG) theory,we should not only modify the assumptions according to the logical perfection of the theoretical requirements,but also,more importantly,modify the assumptions according to what occurs in the real spatial economic world.Therefore,this paper breaks through the limitation of one factor mobility hypothesis in the NEG literature and it holds that entrepreneurs and workers can migrate between regions,and workers can also flow freely between industries.Thus,compared with the classically analytically solvable model -the Footloose-Entrepreneur model,we develop a new analytically solvable core-periphery model,which enriches the research conclusions.The innovative viewpoints are summarized as follows:There are three kinds of relationships for the level comparison of break point and sustain point.With the change of freeness of trade,the stable equilibrium of industrial spatial patterns are not always to be the bang-bang equilibrium,and the stable interior asymmetric outcomes also exist,even more,the coexistence of stable interior asymmetric and core-periphery outcomes is possible too,not just only the overlap of stable symmetric outcome and core-periphery outcomes.With the increase of trade freedom and the expenditure share on industrial goods,and the decrease of substitution elasticity between industrial goods,the stable equilibrium will be transformed from symmetric spreading to asymmetric spreading across the two regions.Once the "black hole condition" is satisfied,the local stability would be the interior asymmetric or the core-periphery outcomes,and not just only the core-periphery outcomes.