城市风险事件中专家和公众风险感知的内在张力——基于兰州“4·11”自来水苯超标事件的研究

在环境风险的治理中，公众与专家在风险感知上存在较大差异。我国工业化、城市化高速发展带来的环境风险已成现实问题，其中危害城市生产生活用水安全的风险最为引人关注。以兰州市“4·11”自来水苯超标事件为例，采用现有研究常用的风险特征量表，测量不同群体对这一特定事件的风险感知并进行综合比较。研究认为：风险感知在学理结构上可分为风险影响、风险接受、风险控制和风险认识四个维度，公众对风险的总体感知显著高于专家；针对专家与公众在知识体系、沟通机制、价值目标等维度上产生风险感知差异的原因，需要通过信息共享、推动公民参与、舆论有效引导等措施以减少专家与公众风险感知差异，化解潜在的稳定风险。

The Internal Tension of Expert and Public Risk Perception in Urban Risk Event:a Case Study of Excessive Benzene in Tap Water in Lanzhou City

In the governance of environmental risk,there are great differences between the public and experts in risk perception.The environmental risk caused by the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization in China has become a real problem,and water risk,which endangers the safety of urban production and life,has attracted the most attention.This paper,taking the event of excessive benzene in tap water in Lanzhou City on April 11 as an example,using the existing risk characteristic scale,measures the risk perception of different groups to this particular event,and makes a comprehensive comparison between them.The study holds that risk perception can be divided into four dimensions:risk impact,risk acceptance,risk control and risk recognition.The overall perception of risk by the public is significantly higher than that by experts.In view of the reasons for the differences in risk perception in the dimensions of knowledge system,communication mechanism,value objectives and so on,it is necessary to reduce the difference of risk perception between experts and the public and resolve the potential stability risks through information sharing,promoting citizen participation,and effective guidance of public opinion and so on.