论生态需要及其满足途径

生态需要即人的优美生态环境需要，是指人为了维持生存和发展，而与自然生态环境进行物质、能量和信息交换而产生的一种摄取状态，是人对于自然生态环境的依赖性和择取、享用能力的统一。从哲学上看，与其他需要相比，生态需要具有突出的二重性，即集物质性与精神性、基础性与升华性、自然性与社会性、实然性与应然性于一身的二重性。生态需要的满足是人全面发挥本质力量的内在动因，是人与自然和谐共生的基本表征，是人与社会协调同存的可能条件，是社会系统健康稳定的前提规定；生态需要的满足必须处理好生态物质需要与生态系统资源和承载力有限、生态资源配置上的当代人与未来人、当代人与当代人这三种关系。在我国生态文明建设中，必须通过坚持绿色发展理念、构建生态经济体系，加强环境污染治理、解决突出生态环境问题，防范生态环境风险、促进经济社会持续健康发展，建立健全生态环境保护制度体系等一系列举措，生态需要的满足才能转化为现实。

On Ecological Needs and the Ways of Satisfaction

Ecological needs,which is the human needs for a beautiful ecological environment,refers to anabsorbing state produced by the exchange of material,energy and information with the natural ecological environment in order to maintain human survival and development.It is the unity of human dependence on the natural ecological environment and the ability to choose and enjoy it.From a philosophical point of view,compared with other needs,ecological needs have a prominent duality,that is,the dual nature of material and spirit,fundamentality and sublimability,naturalness and sociality,and reality and necessity.The satisfaction of ecological needs is the internal human motivation to give full play to the essential power,the basic representation of the harmonious co-existence between human and nature,the possible condition for the coexistence of human and society,and the prerequisite for the healthy and stable social system.To meet ecological needs,it is important to deal with the relationships between ecological material needs and the limited resources carrying capacity,between the present generation and the future generation,and among the present generation in the allocation of ecological resources.In the construction of ecological civilization in China,we must adhere to the concept of green development,build an ecological economic system,strengthen the control of environmental pollution,solve prominent ecological environmental problems,guard against ecological environmental risks,promote sustainable and healthy economic and social development,and perfect the system of ecological environment protection.Only in this way can the satisfaction of ecological needs be transformed into reality.