提高环境影响评价制度法律实效的构想——基于长江三峡工程环评等典型案例的分析

我国已确立以《环境影响评价法》为核心的环境影响评价制度，这是我国三十余年环境影响评价实践的制度性总结，但在实践中存在着“执行率高但法律实效差”的现象。导致我国环境影响评价制度法律实效不佳的主要原因有三：一是不稳定的国家环境政策；二是形式化的公众参与制度；三是环境公益诉讼制度的缺失。这三方面的因素极大地影响着环境影响评价制度功能的实现。因此，我国应有针对性地采取法律措施以提高环境影响评价制度的法律实效。

Preliminary research on strengthening legal effect of EIA--An analysis based on typical cases in environmental protection projects in the Three Gorges of Changjiang

China has established the environmental impact assessment system （EIA System） based on Law of the People＇s Republic of China on Appraising of Environment Impacts. It is a systematic conclusion of the practice of environmental impact assessment system in the past 30 years and its significance is self-evident. However, the EIA system, in practice, reflects some imperfect phenomenon such as ＂high implementation percentage with poor legal effectiveness＂. There are three factors that led to the poor effectiveness and affected the realization of the EIA system function： a） unstable national environmental policy, b） Formal public participation in the EIA system, c） Absence of environmental public interest litigation system. In addition, the dominance of the administration power, to a certain extent, alienated the EIA system somehow.