论近代中国社会的文化矛盾——基于马克思主义的理论分析

西方资本主义文明的推行和西方殖民主义的扩张是近代中国文化矛盾最直接的社会根源。近代中国经济和政治上的落后状况是近代中国文化矛盾最基本的社会根源。半殖民地半封建社会的主要矛盾决定了中国近代的文化矛盾主要是源自本土的传统文化与来自西方的现代文化之间的矛盾,具体表现为文化模式的型变、文化资源的匮乏、文化内涵的混积、文化心理的冲突和文化方向的偏差。在应对近代文化矛盾中出现了固守传统的保守主义文化批判、中体西用的改良主义文化批判、全盘西化的激进主义文化批判、主张革命的资本主义文化批判。近代中国国情决定了只有坚持革命立场的新民主主义文化,才是从根本上克服近代中国文化矛盾和实现中国文化革新的现实出路。

Study on Cultural Contradictions in Modern Chinese Society

The implementation of western capitalist civilization, the expansion of western colonialism, is the most direct social root of cultural contradiction in modern China. The economic and political backwardness of modern China is the most basic social root of the cultural contradiction in modern China. The main cultural contradiction in modern China is the contradiction between the local traditional culture and the modern culture from western countries. This contradiction was determined by the principal contradiction in the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society of China, which embodied the variation of cultural patterns, lack of cultural resources, mixture of cultural connotation, conflict of cultural psychology, deviations from cultural orientation. In dealing with modern cultural contradictions, there was cultural criticism of conservatism, criticism of reformism, cultural criticism of radicalism, criticism of capitalist culture. Only the New Democratic Culture with a revolutionary stand can be a realistic way to overcome the cultural contradiction in modern China and realize the innovation of Chinese culture.