西汉儒家生态思想研究

西汉儒家秉承先秦儒家“民本”、“农本”、“节用”、“尚礼”等思想，对生态保护而言，利大于弊。西汉儒家在自然资源的利用和生态保护方面，继承了先秦儒家“用之有度，取之有时”的思想，在注意到开发资源可能导致生态灾难、生态系统服务功能的选择和对生态系统中其他生物的感恩等方面，对前人有所超越。西汉盛行的“灾异说”把生态灾异政治化，成为政治斗争的工具，误导了人们对生态灾异真正原因的探求，影响了生态科学的发展。

Study on the Ecological Thought of the Confucians in the West Han Dynasty

Following the Confueians in Pre-Qin Dynasty, the Confucians in the West Han Dynasty claimed ＂people first＂, ＂agriculture first＂, ＂thrift first＂ and ＂rule first＂, and these thoughts benefited eco-system a lot and harmed it a little. They inherited the thoughts about eco-system protection from the Confucians in Pre-Qin Dynasty, and considered that, there were some relations between the exploitation of natural resources and the natural disasters, and those between selection of service function of eco-system and thanksgiving to other spe- cies of the eco-system. The popular ＂Natural Disasters Theory＂ in the West Han Dynasty politicized the ecological disasters and became the tool of political struggle so that it misled people and people could not find the true causes of the ecological disasters and hindered the development of ecological science.