乡村教师留任的环境因素及其改进措施--基于环境匹配视角

为研究环境因素对乡村教师留任的影响,对黑龙江省10个地区的乡村教师展开调研,显示有三点研究结果。第一,环境因素对乡村教师留任有独立且显著的影响。在单独分析环境因素的作用时,结果显示,不论有无背景因素参与,不同的环境匹配度对乡村教师留任都有显著影响,相比之下,低环境匹配度对乡村教师留任的影响更大。第二,不同环境匹配度下组织承诺的多重中介效应显著。高环境匹配度模型和低环境匹配度模型的研究结果均显示,环境因素通过组织承诺的中介效应显著地提高了乡村教师的留任率,相比之下,高环境匹配度对提高乡村教师留任率的作用更大。第三,支持性条件的调节效应显著。研究结果显示,支持性条件在环境匹配度与组织承诺水平、环境匹配度与乡村教师留任中起到显著的正向调节作用,相比之下,较好的支持性条件其调节效应更显著。从环境匹配角度看,留住乡村教师需要采取以下有效措施:改善支持性条件,提高乡村教师组织承诺水平;完善招聘与培养培训制度,提高乡村教师与乡村环境匹配度;建立乡村教师留任监控数据库,强化教育行政管理部门监测意识,完善问责机制。

Impact of Environmental Matching on Retention of Rural Teachers and the Ways to Improve:From the Perspective of Environmental Matching

To study the impact of environmental matching on the retention of rural teachers,we investigated the rural teachers in 10 regions of province.The findings are as follows.First,there is a significant independent impact of environmental matching on the retention of rural teachers.When analyzing the role of environmental matching alone,the results suggest that different degrees of environmental matching have significant effects on rural teacher retention,both with or without the involvement of background factors.By contrast,the lower degree of environmental matching has a greater influence on the retention of rural teachers.Second,there is a significant multiple mediation effect of organizational commitment under different degrees of environmental matching.In both high environmental matching models and low environmental matching models,the results show that environmental matching significantly promotes rural teacher retention through the mediation effect of organizational commitment,and the direct promotion effect of environmental matching is also significant.In contrast,the higher degree of environmental matching has a greater role in promoting the retention of rural teachers.Third,there is a significant regulatory effect of the supportive conditions.The results show that the supportive conditions play a significantly enhanced regulatory role between environmental matching and organizational commitment,and between environmental matching and the retention of rural teachers.In contrast,the better supportive conditions have a better regulatory effect.From the perspective of environmental matching,to effectively retain rural teachers,we need to improve the supportive conditions,enhance organizational commitment for rural teacher,improve the recruitment and training system,increase the matching degree between teachers and the rural environment,establish a monitoring database for the retention of rural teachers,and enhance the monitoring awareness and accountability system of education management departments.