统计推理谬误的类型与成因分析

统计推理是一种应用相当广泛的推理，在进行统计推理时出现谬误也是常有的现象。这些谬误或者是由于前提不真实，即收集的统计数据不能真实地反映总体的属性；或者是由于分析不合理，即对统计数据的整理不能合理地推出一般结论。其产生的原因，有的来自于外界干扰，但更主要的则来自于主观偏见──主观主义和形而上学的认识方法。统计谬误妨碍了人们对客观事物的正确认识，因此，需要用科学的态度来对它进行分析。

Types of Statistical Reasoning Errors and The Analysis of Causes

Statistical reasoning is widely employed and mistakes tend to occur in the process of reasoning. These mistakes are committed either due to false premises-the statistical data collected fail to reflect the overall characterics, or as a result of improper analysis-the treatment of these data does not bring a general conclusion. All this results from outside disturbances and in particular from subjectivism and prefudices-cognitive mentods of subjectivism and metaphysics. Mistakes of this sort hinder people from appreciating reality correctly and so must be analyzed in scientific manner.