夏商周与山东

夏商周断代工程集中解决的是年代学问题 ,因此 ,当时讨论的考古文化只涉及河南、河北、山西、陕西和北京等地区 ,山东不在其列。但从历史学角度看 ,山东古文化实与夏商周王朝关系密切。在夏王朝时期 ,其主要的附属方国穷、寒浞等均在山东。商王朝时期 ,商王南庚、阳甲曾都于奄 ,据考证 ,当时的奄就在山东兖州、滕州一带。据甲骨文记载 ,商末帝辛时曾“征夷方” ,结合青铜器铭文可知其具体路线为兖州———新泰———青州———潍坊。西周时期 ,山东有许多重要封国 ,齐国、鲁国之外 ,还有纪国、莱国、滕国等等。到了春秋时期 ,各地诸侯与周王室的关系开始疏远 ,但山东地区的诸侯国则仍与王室保持着相当密切的关系

The Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties and Shandong Province

The project of division of the history of the Xia,Shang and Zhou Dynasties focuses on chronological problems. Hence, the archaeological researches only involve Henan, Hebei,Shanxi, Shanxi and Beijing provinces and regions. Shandong Province is not included. However,from the angle of history,the Chinese ancient culture in Shandong Province has a close relationship with the Xia,Shang and Zhou Dynasties. And later during the Spring and Autumn period,the feudal rulers of the states in Shandong Province still maintained close relationships with the Zhou emperor.