"真诗"的探寻:清初明遗民诗论

针对墐钱木偶盛行的诗坛现状,清初遗民诗人接续前人的求索精神,重提"真诗".真诗的要义,从诗人主观方面来说,就是诗要有"真性情",要"有诸己而后出",在这方面,他们不仅继承明末公安、竞陵派的合理成分,也弥补二者的严重不足,不仅正确地找到真性情之源,也辨证地提出既发愤抒情又苦吟锤炼的性情表现观;从客观方面来说,就是诗要发挥和承担当代史的功能和责任,在传统的"以诗证史"之外,创造性地提出"以诗补史"、"以诗正史"、"以心为史"等新说.清初明遗民诗论多方面发展前人,扳正时弊,突破官方诗教的羁縻,既是解读曾经极盛的遗民诗的一个内在因素,自身也是一笔重要理论遗产.

Search for “Genuine Poetry”:On the Poetics of the Ming Loyalists in Early Qing Dynasty

Since many illusive poems prevailed in the poetic circle in early Qing Dynasty, the Ming loyalists promoted "genuine poetry" again. The succinct elements of genuine poetry, they maintained, are the making of poetry by genuine temper. They not only found the origins of genuine temper, but also advanced the idea that the poet should write in discontent and at the same time pay special attention to the refine composition of poetic lines. They also held that genuine poetry should cherish the sense of historical mission. Besides the idea of having poetry as the evidences for restoring historical truth, they brought forth some other new poetic theories.