同质性与异质性对农民专业合作社的影响——基于俱乐部理论的研究

随着改革开放的深入和经济的活跃,传统合作社社员结构相对同质的假定已经发生了变化,异质化成为不可阻挡的、并将长期存在的趋势。其中,利益的同质性是合作社形成的前提,投入品和产出品的同质性是社员联合的基础,社员同质性促进社员认同的形成。异质性对合作社的影响则有负有正:对稀缺资源的激励与公平的权衡、委托代理问题、决策成本与缔约成本的增加、抵减规模经济的作用等是异质性对合作社的负面影响;但同时,异质性又有利于促进合作社的形成,有利于社员之间的学习与互补,起到了提高合作社效率的作用。

Influences of Homogeneity and Heterogeneity on Farmers’ Professional Cooperative——Study Based on Club Theory

The hypothesis of homogeneous membership structure has been changed as the deepening of reform and opening up and the activity of the economy.Heterogeneity become an irresistible trend and will be long-standing.This paper studies the influences of homogeneity and heterogeneity on the farmers’professional cooperative,and argues that: homogeneous interest is the prerequisite for the formation of cooperative;the homogeneity of inputs and outputs is the basis for cooperation;and homogeneity enhances the members’ recognition to cooperative.The influence of heterogeneity can be negative,which reflects in the balance between the inspire of scarce resources and equity,the existence of principal-agent problem,increasing in the costs of decision-making and making Treaties,and offsetting the effect of economies of scale,or positive,which reflects in the promoter action to the formation of cooperative and the learning and complementary among members.