技术发明的需求动力和一般机制

叙述并肯定了前人关于技术发明的根本动力是“需求”的观点。在此基础上,提出了技术改进和技术发明的一般性机制,在于“技术缺失”的显现和对这种显现的领会:在劳动和生活中,工具或物品的缺点暴露得越明显,对需求条件的具体匮乏感受得越强烈,技术改进的方面和方向也就越明确。结合技术史上的一些发明例子对这种观点予以了论证,指出现代技术尽管异常复杂,但它的发明仍然是以另一个层次的“技术缺失”为条件的。

Need-motivated Technological Invention and Its Usual Mechanism

Endorses and elaborates the viewpoint that technological evolution was motivated by human needs and indicates that there is a usual mechanism of technological innovation/invention,i.e.,the emergence of lack of needed technology and the comprehension of such a lack.In labor process and daily life,the more obvious the defect of a tool or thing was found,the stronger the feeling people have,and the more definite the technological innovation people need.The viewpoint is demonstrated further by some cases cited from the history of technology,and the historical condition for technological invention remains unchanged,i.e.,lack of needed technology,though it is at a high level because of the more sophisticated modern technology.