科举与传统客家村落社会--以闽西武北村落为例

在以往的村落社会研究中,很少见到有关于科举的论述.而以往的科举研究也很少涉及村落社会,且多从文献出发,缺少田野调查的资料.本文试图在田野调查的基础上,结合相关历史文献,以闽西武北客家村落为例,就科举与传统村落社会的诸多关系做一考察.文章认为,科举对传统村落社会产生了深刻而持久的影响,举凡传统村落的乡塾村校、社会结构、对外交往、社会观念、社会风俗都打上了科举的烙印,渗透着浓厚的科举色彩.

The Imperial Civil Examination and Traditional Rural Society of the Hakka: An Example of the Villages in North of Wuping County, Fujian

The past studies to the rural society referred rarely to the imperial civil examination. And on the other hand, the studies to the imperial civil examination referred rarely to the rural society and were on the basis of text recorders but lack of the data from fieldwork. This paper tries to link the historical literature with the data of fieldwork in villages in north of Wuping to explore the relationship between them. The paper argues that the imperial civil examination has affected deeply the rural society for a long term. The rural school education, social structure, external contact, social idea and custom in traditional village were all stamped with the brand of the imperial civil examination and showed pronounced traces of it.