伦理的实体与不道德的个体

在道德哲学体系和现实的道德生活中,存在一个伦理一道德的悖论:伦理的实体与不道德的个体。在道德哲学中,这一悖论已经概念地潜在,它以伦理的善与道德的善的价值冲突的形式表现。在现实中,这一悖论造成了20世纪严重的文明后果和灾难性的道德悲剧。道德哲学体系与伦理精神,应当完成两次辩证转换:一是由个体到集体再到实体的辩证转换;二是由实体到主体的辩证转换。与此相联系,个人主义便具有两种道德哲学形态,即个体个人主义与实体个人主义。集体的形成,必须扬弃个体个人主义,伦理性是集体中的否定因素,只有将集体发展为实体,才能真正解决个体与整体的矛盾。集体上升为实体的必要条件是精神,准确地说是“单一物与普遍物统一”的伦理精神。由实体上升为主体的真义,是实体作为“整个的个体”行动,从而不仅具有实体的伦理性,而且具有作为“整个的个体”的道德性。完成这个转换的关键,是将“道德世界观”推进为“伦理世界观”,形成实体的“伦理世界”的“道德世界观”。实体向主体辩证转换的道德哲学实质,是扬弃实体或集体个人主义。

The Ethical substance and the Immoral Individuals

There exists a paradox in the moral philosophy system and the moral reality: the ethical substance and the immoral individuals. In moral philosophy, ethical concepts indicate the potential paradox, that is, the conflicting values of moral good and ethical good; in moral reality, the potential paradox resulted in critical civilization problems and catastrophic moral tragedies. Moral philosophy system and ethical spirit must complete two stages of dialectic transformation: one is their transformation from individuals to the collective, and ultimately to the substance; the other is the their transformation from the substance to the subjects. The key to the transformation is to advance the moral world outlook into an ethical world outlook by which the moral world outlook in the substance of ethics is . to be formulated.