朱熹形而上学思想初探

理是天地万物存在的基础。它好比种子,是存在的本体。它具体为性。万物不仅出生于理,而且来源于气。气是万物的具体的、形式的存在,是现象。尽管理气似乎都是万物的发源地,但是朱熹认为,从逻辑上来说,理先于气,因此,只有理才是万物的真正发源地。气是万物的现实形式。尽管这种现实的存在者,在朱熹看来,有善有恶,但是,朱熹并未因此而否定了它的存在合法性。理气合成便是道。道是体用的综合。体表现在道有理、性。用表现在道是物、气。作为本体的理、性和作为现象的气、物合作构成道。性来源于心。心包含着两个内涵,即性和知(意等)。这两个内涵使心具有了双重性:性的内涵使心是善的,知(意等)的内涵使心有恶。

Brief Inquiry into Zhu Xi's Metaphysics

Principle is the foundation of the existence.It is analogous to seed which is the being of existence.It unfolds into human nature.The existence is traced from not merely principle,but also Qi,an existence of form.It is defined as appearance.In spite of both being the origin of the existence,according to Zhu Xi,Principle precedes Qi logically.Hence,Principle is the genuine origin of existence.Qi is the form of existence.Though the reality possesses the chracters of both good and evil,the legitimacy of its existence is not denied by Zhu Xi.The two converge into Tao.Tao is the combination of being and appearance.Being exhibits in principle and human nature,while appearance exhibits in Qi and matters.Human nature comes from mind,which possesses two contents.One is human nature.The other is consciousness.The two contents determine the two treats of mind,i.e.good and evil.