论乡镇基层政权政治生态关系网络的重塑与优化简

在现代乡村政治生态系统和乡村治理中，存在着物种丰富的政治生态种群和多元治理主体，包括乡镇基层政权、村民自治组织、村民、驻地企业等种群，其中乡镇基层政权是乡村政治生态最为重要的政治生态种群和权力主体。乡镇基层政权内部也存在着不同的政治生态个体和（亚）种群，它们之间存在密切的信息、资源和利益的交换。共同构成了乡镇基层政权种内和种间交互作用的政治生态关系网络。由于受到外部政治生态环境以及种群自身内部因素的影响，乡镇基层政权政治生态关系网络中的个体和种群出现了数量失衡，局部结构失调和部分功能紊乱现象，从而不利于和谐乡镇基层政权政治生态的构建。因此，乡村政治生态学的研究任务就是运用生态学的原理和方法系统探讨如何对乡镇基层政权政治生态的数量合理控制、结构和功能予以协调与优化，从而形成乡镇基层政权政治生态的良性发展。

On the Remodeling and Optimization of the Political Ecological Relations Network of Township Grassroots Political Power

There are many rich and diverse species Political ecological populations and pluralistic governance body such as township grassroots political power, villagers＇ autonomous organization, villagers, resident enterprises and so on in the modem rural political ecosystem and rural governance. The township grassmots political power is the most important po- litical ecological populations and main power for the rural political ecology. There are different individuals and the political ecological （sub） populations in the township grassroots political power, and there is a close exchange of information, re- sources and benefits between them, which constitutes the intraspecific and interspecific interaction of political ecological re- lations network of the township grassroots political power. The number of individual and population imbalance,and some lo- cal structural imbalance and dysfunction appear in the political ecological relations network of township grassroots political power because of the influence of the external political ecological environment and the populations themselves, which is not conducive to the building of harmonious township grassroots power＇ s political ecology. Therefore the research task of rural political ecology is to systematically explore how to reasonably control the number, coordinate and optimize the structure and function of township grassmots power＇ s political ecology in order to the formation of healthy development of township grassm- ots power＇s political ecology by using the principles and methods of ecology.