关于文学价值嬗变、平衡的思考

文学作品的价值追求或表现是历史的、变化的 ,往往呈现出一种背反性的演化规律。对它的认识可以采取多种角度和方法 ,一是历史演化轨迹 ,二是进化、回归的背反互补取向 ,三是内在和外在的不同追求。当代世界文学价值嬗变经历了现实主义到现代主义 ,再到后现代主义 ,从文学的学术性、创新性上看的确是在不断前进和发展 ,但它在我国目前怎么说也不该成为主流 ,对后现代主义价值追求应自觉加以调适。文学进化性价值追求是指不仅关注现实 ,而且对现实的发展基本持肯定或支持的文学价值取向 ;回归性价值追求是指对既往或传统的价值标准、范型或倾向的肯认、怀恋的文学倾向。在现实中 ,应对回归性价值追求自觉地加以提倡和引导。文学的内在价值指文学自身的文学性、审美性所具有的价值等 ,其外在价值一般指政治价值、道德价值 ,或曰认识价值、教育价值等。一般地说 ,由于受统治者的提倡和干涉 ,对文学的外在价值的重视往往居于强势 ,成为主导倾向。这种倾向到了现代 ,更是被推向了极致。正因为如此 ,对它的背反也就成了历史的必然 ,以至于后来又出现了过分追求文学内在价值的偏畸化倾向 ,也需要再进行相反的扭转和调适。对于文学价值 ,文学理论和批评的任务正在于清醒地认识其演进规律、现实状态 ,发现并阐明?

Contemplation on the Evolution of Literature Value and its Balance

The pursuit or representation of value in literature works is historical and changing, whose rule of evolvement is generally presented as being reverse. Multi-angles and various methods may be adopted in its recognition, the first being historical evolution track, the second evolvement and regressive reverse compensation tropism, and the third different pursuits interiorly and exteriorly. The contemporary value on the evolution of world literature has experienced the states of realism to modernism to postmodernism. Viewed from literature technicality and creativeness, it is constantly progressive and developing, but it should by no means be a main stream. There should be some adjustment and adaptation in the pursuit on post-modernism. The value pursuit on literature evolutionism means not only paying attention to reality, but also taking a basically positive or supportive value in literature orientation on realistic development. Regressive value pursuit means a literature tendency of affirmation or yarning on past or historical value standards, modes, or trends. In real life, advocate and guidance should be consciously carried out towards regressive value pursuit. The interior literature value refers to the value possessed by the literature proper and its taste, whereas its exterior value generally refers to the political value, moral value, or cognition value and educational value etc. Generally speaking, due to the advocates and interference by the ruler, the recognition of exterior value in literature often sits on so powerful position as to become a major tendency. In modern times, this tendency has even been pushed to the extreme. Because of this, the reverse against it has become a historical inevitability, so that a tendency of over pursuit of interior value in literature has appeared with an abnormal tendency. This also needs turning and adjustment in its contrary. The task of literature theory and criticism lie in conscious cognition of the evolution rule, realistic state of literature value, and in the discovery and explanation of its imbalanced reality so as to rectify and reverse it theoretically.