重大公共威胁情境下个体亲社会行为形成机制———以新冠疫情为例

现有研究对于威胁情境和个体亲社会行为的关系并未达成共识.对于两者之间的关系，本研究以新冠肺炎疫情为具体研究情境，从威胁情境的时间和类型两个角度填补了以往研究的空白，以内群体认同和关注他人为中介机制，提出重大公共威胁情境下影响个体捐赠意愿的双路径形成机制和相关调节变量.本文的研究表明，对于新冠疫情这种捐赠方和受助方同时面对的公共威胁情境:1)潜在捐助者所在地的疫情严重程度对其捐赠意愿的影响没有显著差异.2)群体认同和关注他人具有相反的中介作用，其掩盖了潜在捐助者所在地的疫情严重程度对其捐赠意愿的影响;本地疫情严重程度一方面会增强个体的内群体认同继而正向影响捐赠意愿，另一方面会使个体减少关注他人继而减弱其捐赠意愿.3)威胁情境影响过程中，区域文化取向调节了内群体认同的正向中介作用和关注他人的负向中介作用.具体而言，相较于偏个体主义，当区域文化取向为偏集体主义时，本地疫情严重程度对于内群体认同的正向影响能够增强，对于关注他人的负向影响能够减弱.

Generating mechanism of individual prosocial behavior in the context of major public threats: A case of the novel coronavirus epidemic

Existing research has not reached a consensus on the relationship between threat situations and individual prosocial behavior. Thus, this study takes novel coronavirus epidemic as a specific research situation and fills a gap in previous research from two perspectives: The time and the type of the threat situation. This study takes in-group identity and other-focused attention as intermediary mechanisms and proposes the dualpathway formationmechanism that affects individuals'' willingness to donate and relevant moderator variables in the context of major public threats. The following findings are obtained for public threat scenarios, such as the novel coronavirus epidemic, facing both donors and recipients. 1) There is no significant difference in the impacts of epidemic severity at the location of the potential donors on their willingness to donate. 2) The opposite intermediary effect of in-group identity and other-focused attention masks the impact of epidemic severity at the location of the potential donors on their willingness to donate. The severity of local epidemic enhances individuals'' in-group identity and then positively affects their wilingness to donate. On the other hand, it reduces the individuals'' other-focused attention and then weakens their willingness to donate. 3) Regional cultural orientation moderates the positive intermediary effect of in-group identity and the negative intermediary effect of other-focused attention. Specifically, compared with partial individualism, when regional cultural orientation is partial colectivism, the positive impact of local epidemic severity on in-group identity can be enhanced and negative impact on other-focused attention can be reduced.