不确定需求下的冷链分销商最优决策

针对新鲜产品供应链 (冷链) 中分销商, 引入保鲜努力刻画分销商投入的保鲜工作, 考虑新鲜产品到达市场的数量与质量, 分析冷链分销商的最优决策问题.与前人研究相比, 本文使用加法形式需求函数刻画市场需求, 并使用相关企业数据验证加法形式需求函数合理性, 完善了冷链分销商决策问题的相关研究.研究发现, 当保鲜努力外生时, 分销商的最优订货数量和最优零售价格只与保鲜努力有关;当零售价格外生时, 分销商的最优保鲜努力与产品实际单位成本关于保鲜努力函数的一阶最优条件有关;当订货数量外生时, 分销商制定的零售价格随保鲜努力增加而增大, 所获得的利润也随保鲜努力递增, 但边际利润随保鲜努力递减.最后, 将所得结论应用于中国500强民营企业卓尔控股有限公司旗下的小雪冷链 (武汉) 物流有限公司, 为该公司提供相应的保鲜努力投入策略.

Optimal decisions of cold chain distributor under uncertain in demand

The paper studies a distributor in fresh products supply chain (cold chain) .The freshness-keeping effort is introduced in order to depict the quantity and quality of the fresh products arriving in the market and the distributor''s optimal decisions.Compared with the previous studies, this paper uses an additive demand function to depict the market demand.Relative enterprise data are used to justify the rationality of this demand function.The paper finds that when the fresh effort is exogenous, the optimal order quantity and the optimal retail price of the distributor are only associated with the freshness-keeping effort.When the retail price is exogenous, the optimal freshness-keeping effort of the distributor depends on the zero point of the first order optimization condition of the actual unit cost of the product.When the order quantity is exogenous, the retail price and the profit from freshness-keeping effort increase with the freshness-keeping effort, but the marginal profit from freshness-keeping effort decreases with freshness-keeping effort.Applying the results to Zall Cold Chain, optimal strategies of freshness-keeping effort are suggested.