流动人口自雇的决定机制及收入差异

除工资雇佣外，自雇(包含有雇工自雇和无雇工自雇)是流动人口重要的劳动参与方式. 本文基于2016全国流动人口调查数据，采用多项logit模型考察了自雇的决定机制，并从平均和非线性维度分别运用倾向得分匹配和无条件分位数处理效应模型测度了不同劳动参与方式之间的收入差异. 实证分析结果表明：1)教育有利于流动人口有雇工自雇而无助于无雇工自雇，男性较女性更容易产生自雇，户籍并不会明显影响自雇；专业技术人员并不倾向于自雇，而服务业中的非技能劳动力自雇可能性更大. 2)流动人口有雇工自雇的平均收入水平最高，其后依次为无雇工自雇和工资雇佣；经济越发达的地区，流动人口自雇与其他劳动参与形式的收入差异越大. 3)相对于工资雇佣，流动人口两类自雇的收入均随收入水平上升而递增，且有雇工自雇引致的收入差异更大；不同劳动参与方式间的收入差异主要源于个体间的条件(禀赋)差别.

The determination mechanism and income difference of migrants' self-employment in China

In addition to the salaried employee, self-employment (including self-employment with employees and own-account workers)is another important mode of job participation for migrants. Based on the data of 2016 national migrants survey, this paper uses Mlogit model to examine the determination mechanism of self-employment, and measures the average and non-linear income difference by propensity score matching and unconditional quantile treatment effect model respectively. The results indicate that: 1) Education is conducive to self-employment with employees instead of own-account workers. Males are more likely to be self-employed than females, and individual''s hukou status represents insignificant relationship with self-employment. The professional technicians do not tend to be self-employed, while the unskilled labor in the service industry is more likely to be self-employed. 2) Self-employment with employees enjoys the highest income level on average, followed by own-account workers and salaried employees. Particularly, such income difference is wider in more developed regions. 3) Relative to salaried employees, the income of the two types of self-employment rises with income levels, and self-employment with employees enjoys the widest income gap. The income difference between different labor participation modes is mainly caused by varied individual endowments.