国家公园管理单位机构的设置现状及模式选择

国家公园管理单位机构是国家公园事权履行的基层执行机构,其设置模式选择亦是体制建设的重要议题。现阶段,国家公园管理单位机构的设置状况呈现多元化现象,突出表现在机构级别和性质、分级管理模式等方面不统一。从机构组建形式、园地事权划分情况、人员编制配置规模3方面对当下10处国家公园试点管理机构进行现状剖析,意在指出我国国家公园管理单位机构设置的复杂性;并通过实证研究,归纳了各试点机构组建的共性特征,总结为“政区协同型”“目标管理型”和“混合治理型”3种类型可以囊括当下试点进程中机构设置的考量要素,亦可为后续国家公园管理单位机构组建提供模式参考。

Current Situation and Model Selection in the Construction of National Parks Administration

National parks administrative agencies are grass-root level organizations which shoulder duties and responsibilities regarding state park affairs.Which setup mode to adopt is an important issue of the system construction.Now the set up of national park organizations varies in different areas,especially in the aspects of nature and level of agency,and classified management mode.This paper probes into the current situation of 10 existing pilot park organizations from the perspectives of organization establishment,authority division of local government and staffing.Our research reveals the complexity of establishing national parks administrative agencies.Through case studies on these 10 pilot agencies,we summarize their characteristics in common,categorize them into three types in terms of management,namely"government-governed type","goal-oriented management type"and"mixed management type".In our opinion,these three types could cover all considerations among the under-way pilot agencies,and could also provide mode references in terms of establishing national park administrations in the near future.