气候变化背景下的城市NbS:巴塞罗那市的经验

由于气候变暖趋势加剧,适应气候已成为当前城市发展的重要挑战。在此背景下,基于自然的解决方案(NbS)理论逐渐产生并应用于城市规划与景观设计等领域,旨在通过“与自然合作”的方式增强城市适应力与灾害抵御力、协调社会与环境矛盾、促进城市可持续发展。当前国外关于NbS的研究已从理论走向实践,而国内该领域仍处于理论探讨阶段,对城市维度NbS相关规划的内容制定与实践运用缺乏系统性的研究。以欧洲典型高密度城市巴塞罗那为例,从规划实践角度,基于已有理论范式概括城市层面NbS运用的多重效益,梳理该市相关规划文件,介绍巴塞罗那在城市尺度采取的主要NbS措施,剖析其实践方法、制度优势与特点,以期通过总结巴塞罗那市的NbS实践经验,为将来我国城市制定基于自然的解决方案提供参考。

Nature-based Solutions for Urban Climate Change Adaption: Barcelona's Experience

Due to the intensified climate warming trend,adapting to it has become an important challenge for current urban development.In this context,nature-based solutions(NbS)have been proposed and used in urban planning and landscape architecture design.NbS can use nature approaches to enhance urban adaptability and disaster resilience,coordinate social and environment contradiction and promote sustainable development of cities.Nowadays,the research of NbS in foreign countries is focusing on the application,while China is still paying attentions to the theoretical interpretation,especially lacking of systematic experience analysis.Based on the NbS theory,the paper takes Barcelona as an example,summarizes the multiple benefits of NbS application in urban areas and statistics of various nature-based plans such as Barcelona climate plan and green infrastructure plan,and analyzes their implementation methods,system advantages and implementation characteristics.Through summarizing the practical experience of NbS in Barcelona,the papers aims to provide reference for the development of natural-based solutions in our cities in the future.