我国建立证据排除规则的障碍

最高法的司法解释虽然建立了刑事诉讼中唯一的证据排除规则,但并不是作为一种权利救济手段来保护公民的宪法权利,而是为保证实体真实。公共权力对百姓要求的回应效率以及公共权力自身的腐败使得中国百姓长期处于追求低层次安全的境地。公检法集体作为国家权力的代表处理受害人与犯罪人之间的冲突的原始追罪模式,使得刑事程序不过是“操作规程”而没有诉讼的意义和价值。法院不可能作为独立于国家和个人之外的第三者来执行证据排除规则。没有成熟的证明责任分配制度和完善的证明标准,没有对未决羁押的有效限制,建立证据排除规则可能使被告人的地位更加恶化。

The Difficulty of Establishing Evidence Exclusion Regulations in China

The only evidence exclusion regulation in criminal procedure, established in the judicial interpre-tation of the Supreme Law, is not to protect citizens' constitutional right as a right remedy, but to protect sub-stantive reality. The difficulties to establish aeffective regulation are stated in thefollowing: (1) Government'sfeedback efficiency towards the public requirements and corruption of the administrative power make the publicin long-term low-level security. (2) As a representative of the state power, the public security organs, pro-curatorates and courts deal with conflicts between victims and criminals. But this is a primitive mode of in-vestigating crimes, which makes criminal procedure an "operating procedure" rather than an important step to-ward litigation. A court can not be an acting party isolated from the government and individuals to implementevidence exclusion regulation. (3) Evidence exclusion regulation, without a good allocating system of provingduty, a perfect proving criterion, and without an effective limitation and supervision on custody before sentence,will only make the situation of the defendant from bad to worse.