我国的语言和语言群体

语言和语言群体是同目前民族学界讨论的与民族和族群问题有关的一对范畴。同一语言的使用者不一定有共同的语言交际行为和语言认同态度 ,因此语言和语言群体可能是不一致的 ,语言群体相对语言来说应该是第一性的。在没有超方言的民族共同语或标准语的情况下 ,方言更接近语言群体 ,有更多的共同的交际行为和认同感。双语现象的出现使语言群体向更大的双语或多语的语言群体发展。文章对影响我国少数民族语言群体的年龄、地区分布和语言使用场合等因素做了具体的分析。

Languages and Speech Communities in China

Being discussed currently in the circle of ethno- studies, the language and the speech community are a pair of category related to nationalities or ethnic groups. The users of the same language do not necessarily share the common behavior of linguistic communication and the attitude toward linguistic identification. Therefor, it is quite possible that the language and the speech community are not identical. Compared to the language, the speech community should be primary. In the situation where there exists no common or standard ethno-language that transcends various dialects, the dialect is closer to the speech community and brings more common behavior of communication and sense of identification. The emergence of the bilingual phenomenon tends to make the speech community develop to the larger bilingual or multilingual speech community. The paper makes a concrete analysis of the factors that exert influence on the speech communities of the minorities in China, such as the age, regional distribution and the occasion where various languages are used.