媒介动员、钉子户与抗争政治——宜黄事件再分析

宜黄事件具有某种标志性意义，它颠覆了当代中国抗争政治的刻板印象，创造了一个新的抗争政治类型。宜黄事件原本是一个普通的钉子户抗争事件，在进入媒体的视野之前，它只是底层政治的一部分，当事人采用的基本上属于“弱者的武器”的方式，并且是地方性的、特殊的和双轨的，显著性和协同性都不高。由于媒介动员将政策的内在张力呈现于公众视野，钉子户利用这一政治机遇结构，不断创新了抗争表演，从而使宜黄事件发生了规模转变和极化，最终使事件发展成为一场要求保护弱势群体利益，发动制度变革的专业化社会运动的一部分，宜黄事件也就具有了普适性的、模式化的和自主的特征。宜黄事件的遣散是因为钉子户和媒体的抗争目标出现了竞争，而并非明确的适度制度化所致，这是当代中国国家建设中“反体制”的体制重建的一部分。

Media Mobilization, Demolition-Resistant Families, and Contentious Politics.Reanalysis of the Event of Yihuang

The contention event of Yihuang in September,2010is of great significance because it has changed the contention routine in contemporary China by adopting a new type of contentious politics.Before it became the media focus,Yihuang event was just another ordinary occurrence of residents resisting demolition of their houses,apart of the subaltern politics.The main contention strategies taken by the families under the order to move typicallyincluding negotiation with the local government in charge of demolition,intercepting visits to appeal,and seeking media attention.These are"weapons of the weak",parochial,local-specific,and bifurcated;therefore,of low salience and poor coordination,usually unsuccessful to achieve contention objectives.This time,the Zhong family adopted an extreme contention means of self-immolation.Since the occurrence of this event,the large-scale involvement of the media has presented the inherent tension of policies to the public,and the demolition-resistant families(who do not want to move)have taken the political opportunity to innovate contentious performances,pushing it toward its extremity and turning the event of Yihuang into a part of a professional social movement to bring about institutional changes and protect the vulnerable groups’interests.Thus,the event of Yihuang becomes cosmopolitan,modular,and autonomous.After the local government fully met the demands of the demolition-resistant families,the event of Yihuang demobilized essentially due to the competition between the contentious families and the media rather than inappropriate institutionalization.Obviously,the media were not successful in achieving their contention objects related to institutional changes because of the existence of the institutional fundamentals that led to the event of Yihuang.The demolition system and the petition system are typical low functional systems,incapable of regulating the opportunistic behaviors of the local governments or controlling the demolition-resistant families’opportunistic violence aiming for benefits.After the conclusion of the Yihuang event,the same political structure of opportunities still exist.