流散研究的兴起及其基本动向

随着全球化的进程和跨境人口急速流动，不同民族和不同文化间的交流、碰撞乃至冲突在深度与广度上呈现出前所未有的态势，流散研究正是在此基础上兴起和发展的。目前，流散研究虽然涉及了文化学、人类学、民族学、经济学、政治学和文学研究等诸多领域，且在各领域中其相关研究互相交织，互相影响，但从根本上说流散研究具有社会学的学科特征，种种流散问题研究的分支领域都离不开社会学的视角，其主要概念如族群、移民、族群特性、跨国主义以及多元文化理论等，向来为社会学所关注。本文主要通过对流散研究产生的渊源和基本概念变化的辨析及其发展史的梳理，勾勒出流散研究的历史轮廓和现实流变，把握其当前的具体动向并揭示其未来的发展趋势。

Rising of Diaspora Research and Its Trends

With fast globalization and large scaled transnational population migration, different ethnic groups and cultures exchange, collide, and even conflict with one another, which has shown unprecedented trends in breadth and depth. Diaspora research has thus risen and proliferated. It has stepped into various areas of culturology, anthropology, ethnology, economics, politics, and literature, and all fields are interrelated; nevertheless, diaspora research has the characteristics of the sociology discipline and all branches are related to sociology as ethnic groups, immigration, emigration, refugees, ethnicity, and transnationalism are all major concepts of concern in sociology. Multicultural theories have greatly stimulated the development of diaspora studies and they have become the important theoretical basis for diaspora research. Being the major targets in diaspora studies, diaspora groups are classified into the classic group and the modern group. Distinguishing the two helps depicting the historical frame of diaspora issues and their developmental trends. Immi/Emigrants have a special position among the diaspora groups, with ethnicity being the core of diaspora studies. Transnationalism has become the realistic expression of diaspora as transnational mobility is now the reality that has attracted keen attention in current diaspora studies. Classic diaspora concepts have been changing along with rapid societal changes and diaspora studies are closely related to these changes. Concepts change in meaning, similarities and differences, and interconnections and transformations. Such conceptual changes directly reflect the change trends in reality. The current paper distinguishes the differences in diaspora conceptual changes; discusses the origin, developmental history, and characteristics of diaspora studies; and tries to speculate the future developmental trends in diaspora research.