上海城市新移民与本地人群体关系的交往策略研究

交往策略一直是改善族群关系的最佳策略之一。基于2007年上海市的调查数据，本研究以社会距离作为群体关系的替代性测量指标，通过分析上海城市新移民与本地人的交往情况，分别验证了平等交往、理性交往与实际交往等交往策略的理论假设。研究结果表明，制度性身份平等比职业地位平等更重要；职业竞争问题比职业合作关系更突出；实用性交往行为比情感性交往行为更有效。研究提出，并非所有交往的策略都能显著地改善族群关系，深入的交往策略研究将有利于提高社会融合政策的有效性和针对性。

A Study on the Intergroup Contact Hypothesis：Interaction Between the New Immigrants and the Local Citizens in Shanghai

The Contact Hypothesis contends that "equal status," "common goals," "intergroup cooperation," "supportive norms," "interpersonal contact," and "genuine friendship" are six optimal conditions for intergroup relational improvement.According to the depth of contact,this paper reduces the six contact elements to three,namely,"equal status," "rational contact," and "actuarial contact." Based on the 2007 survey data from Shanghai,this study took social distance as the index of group relationships and analyzed the contact patterns between the new immigrants and the local residents in Shanghai to test the effects of the three contact elements.The results indicated that,in regards to the group relationship between the new urban immigrants and the local citizens,and with respect to equal status,institutional identity was more important than occupational identity;job competition was more prominent than job cooperation;and practical contact was more effective than emotional contact.These findings have shown us:(1) Not all contact strategies can improve intergroup relationships;further empirical research to test the contact hypothesis will improve the validity and pertinence of the social inclusion policies;2) from the perspective of pluralistic social integration,promoting mutual adaptation of the immigrants and the native citizens can effectively lead to a harmonious society;3) migration with social rationality may gradually replace migration with economic rationality;and 4) the local immigration government should facilitate supportive communication between the newcomers,especially those at the bottom layer,and the local citizens.