公共服务均等化的发展困局与效率提升——英国的经验及启示

提要：英国在二战后通过政府的全面介入,初步实现了基本公共服务的均等化,然而政府包揽模式所存在的效率低下问题,使其在70年代政府财政缩减的情况下陷入严重的困境。英国由此推行准市场化改革,显著地提升了公共服务均等化的运行效率,有力地保证了均等化的持续发展。其历史经验、政策思路和制度设计安排值得我们借鉴。

The Predicament and Efficiency Enhancement in the Development of Equal Access to Public Services: Experience and Enlightenment from UK

With the involvement of the UK government in all aspects,equal access to public services has basically been in place since the end of World WarⅡ.However,because the government took on everything,the fiscal reduction in the 1970s dragged the country into serious difficulties.From then on,the UK government has initiated the quasi-marketization reform,which promoted the efficiency of equal access to public services and the sustainable develop-ment of equity.Lessons can be drawn from the UK experience in terms of policy making and institutional arrangement.