Nonsuicidal Self-injury in a College Population: General Trends and Sex Differences |
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| Authors: | Janis Whitlock MPH PhD Jennifer Muehlenkamp PhD Amanda Purington MPS John Eckenrode PhD Paul Barreira MD MPA Gina Baral Abrams MPH MSW |
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| Institution: | 1. Bronfenbrenner Center for Translational Research and the Department of Human Development , Cornell University , Ithaca, New York;2. Psychology Department , University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire , Eau Claire, Wisconsin;3. Bronfenbrenner Center for Translational Research , Cornell University , Ithaca, New York;4. Harvard University Health Services , Cambridge, Massachusetts;5. Health Promotion and Wellness Services , Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey |
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| Abstract: | Abstract Objective: To describe basic nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) characteristics and to explore sex differences. Methods: A random sample from 8 universities were invited to participate in a Web-based survey in 2006–2007; 38.9% (n = 14,372) participated. Analysis assessed sex differences in NSSI prevalence, practices, severity, perceived dependency, and help-seeking; adjusted odds ratios for NSSI characteristics were calculated by sex status. Results: Lifetime NSSI prevalence rates averaged 15.3%. Females were more likely than males to self-injure because they were upset (adjusted odds ratio AOR] = 1.6; 95% confidence interval CI] = 1.3–2.1) or in hopes that someone would notice them (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1–2.7). Males were 1.6 times (95% CI = 1.2–2.2) more likely to report anger and 4.0 times (95% CI = 2.3–6.8) more likely to report intoxication as an initiating factor. Sexual orientation predicted NSSI, particularly for women (Wald F = 8.81, p ≤ .000). Only 8.9% of the NSSI sample reported disclosing NSSI to a mental health professional. Conclusions: NSSI is common in college populations but varies significantly by sex and sexual orientation. NSSI disclosure is low among both sexes. |
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| Keywords: | college students mental health self-injury young adults |
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